Zhu P, Li SY, Ding J, Fei Z, Sun SN, Zheng ZH, Wei D, Jiang J, Miao JL, Li SZ, Luo X, Zhang K, Wang B, Zhang K, Pu S, Wang QT, Zhang XY, Wen GL, Liu JO, August JT, Bian H, Chen ZN, He YW. Combination immunotherapy of glioblastoma with dendritic cell cancer vaccines, anti-PD-1 and poly I:C. J Pharm Anal. 2023 Jun;13(6):616-624. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.04.012. Epub 2023 Apr 21. PMID: 37440907; PMCID: PMC10334272.

In a case of grade IV glioblastoma (GBM), we administered a combination therapy that included mRNA-DC cell vaccines, anti-PD-1 therapy, poly I:C, irradiation, chemotherapy, and surgical resection. The mRNA-DC cell vaccines, which incorporated 11 different antigens—including 7 tumor-associated antigens (TAAs)—successfully induced antigen-specific immune responses. The patient remains in a progression-free state. This case represents the first human proof-of-concept for triVAC modification, indicating that triVAC-modified mRNA-antigen-DC cell vaccines can enhance antigen immunogenicity and support the anti-cancer immune cycle.